Line justifying device



March 9, 1943. 5. BRAND 2,313,119

LINE JUSTIFYING DEVICE I Filed Sept. 30, 1941 10 Sheets-Sheet l N vINVENTOR. SHMUEL Bkfl vp I By ATTORNEY.

March 9, 1943. $.BRAND v 2,313,119

LINE JUSTIFYING DEVICE I Fil ed Sept. 50, 1941 10 Sheds-Sheet 2 INV ENTOR. "Sm/rum BRHND ATTORNEY.

10 Sheets-Sheet 5 ATTORNEY.

March 9, 1943. 3 BRAND LINE JUSTIFYING DEVICE Filed Sept. 30, 1941 March9, 1943. s. BRAND LINE JUSTIFYING DEVICE 10 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Sept.50, 1941 Marbh 9, 1943. 5 BRAND LINE JUSTIFYING DEVICE Filed Sept. 30,1941 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 'IIIII/IIIIIIIIIIIIlIIII/IIIIIlI/fi I NVEN TOR. 6IV) (/51. 3 PF? ND .4 TTQRNEY.

I08 I A80 March 9, 1943. 5. BRAND 2,313,119

LINE JUSTIFYING DEVIC E Filed Sept. 30, 1941 10 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR. 677M054 HRH/VD ATTORNEY.

March 9, 1943. 5 ND 2,313,119

LINE JUSTIFYING DEVICE Filed Sept. 30, 1941 10 Sheets-Sheet '7 In. n

INVENTOR 6 9M 051. BRflA/D ATTORNEY March 9,' 1943. 5, BRAND LINEJUSTIFYING DEVICE Filed Sept. 50, l941 10 Sheets-Sheet 8 mvm March 9,1943. 5. BRAND 2,313,119

LINE JUSTIFYING DEVICE Filed Sept. 30, 1941 10 Sheets-Sheet 9 x F'IG.I7.

FIGAB.

/07 This line is 3 points short, and is justified accordingly! This linedoes not need to be justified as it is full lengthl\ This line must bejustified, it being 8 points shortl 07 /07 This line is 3 points short,and is justified accordingly This line does not need to be Justified asit is full length This line must, be justified, it being 8 points shortATTORNEY.

March 9, 1943. 5. BRAND 2,313,119

LINE JUSTIFYING DEVICE 240 g 244a i244 qi] 2/43 #5: 237 .smmw/va a;ins/ma MM 243 A A l 24 I g A 232 23/ r 230 ATTORNEY.

Patented Mar. 9, 1943 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LINE JUSTIFYING DEVICESamuel Brand, Binghamton, N. Y., assignor to International BusinessMachines Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New YorkApplication September 30, 1941, Serial No. 412,946

31 Claims.

'emplified, for example, by said copending application, justifyingmechanism has been provided which is suitable for justifying one lengthof line of a copy. When the same device was employed, for example, on amuch shorter line of a nonjustifled copy, the justification would not belimited to a length coextensive with that portion of the line composedof actual characters but would be distributed throughout an extent,equal to the length of the line for which the machine was originallydesigned. Thus, the justifying mechanism would not only be operated toproduce justification, when no actual characters were being scanned, butdue to the different amounts of justification required by linesdiffering, by a justifiable amount, from the chosen length, theleft-hand margin of the justified copy would be irregular.

One of the objects of the present invention, therefore, is to producemechanism which will distribute the justification, only throughout theextent of the actual typed part of the line and will not produce anyjustification in that portion of the line in which no actual typingexists. The justification is, therefore, efficiently distributed, onlywhere needed, and further, the left-hand margin of the justified copy ismaintained in alignment. I

In justifying certain types of copy, such as a series of narrow shortparagraphs of a column, similar to a newspaper column; in devices of theprior art it has been impossible to maintain the alignment of theparagraph indentations, unless the machine employed was designedespecially for such narrow columns, since otherwise justification wouldbegin prior to scanning of the print itself. By setting the device ofthe present invention so that justification begins only at that width ofcolumn indicated by the paragraph indentation, no justification isproduced until the indentation is reached by the Still another object isto provide a novel line justifying mechanism which is adjustable toproperly justify different lengths of copy.

A further object is to provide novel line justifying mechanism which isadjustable to maintain alignment of the left-hand side of columns ofdifferent lengths of lines of copy.

Another object is to provide novel justifying mechanism which willproduce justification acscanning mechanism, and the alignment of the 1paragraph indentations is maintained. Accordingly, another object of thepresent invention is to provide an adjustable justifying device whereinthe point or time of initiation of justification can be controlled andalignment of indentation of paragraphs can be maintained.

curately, and in a relatively simple manner.

Still another object is to produce a novel justifying mechanism which issettable to justify different lengths of copy and which automaticallyuniformly distributes the total justiflcation throughout that part ofthe line only, which contains characters. 1

Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the followingdescription and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings,

which disclose, by way of example, the prin-- ciple of the invention andthe best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying that principle.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a top plan view prising the invention.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary detailed sectional view, on an enlarged scale,taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary detailed sectional view, taken on line 33 ofFig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a side view of the right-hand side of the device of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken on the line 55of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale. taken on the line 6-4of Fig. 1.

Fig. '7 is a fragmentary detailed sectional view, on an enlarged scale,taken on the line 1-4 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is a detailed view illustrating the scanning mechanism;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary detailed view of a part of the sensing mechanismfor determining the amount of justification required.

Fig. 10 is a partially schematic view illustrating the optical systememployed in scanning the copy and producing a photographic justifiedreproduction.

Fig. 11 is a sectional view illustrating some of the adjusting mechanismemployed in presetting the device, so as to adjust the mechanism tojustify a chosen length of line.

Fig. 12 is a view, generally similar to Fig. 11, but illustrating theportion of the justifying of the device commechanism employed inselecting one of eight substantially different lengths of line to be1115- tified.

Fig. 13 is a view, generally similar to Fig. 11, but illustrating theportion of the justifying mechanism employed in moving the filmcompartment casing.

Fig. 14 is a view, generally similar to Fig. 11, but illustrating theportion of the mechanism employed in automatically setting the machineto produce the amount of justification required by the sensed line ofcopy.

Fig. 15 is a view, generally similar to Fig. 11, but illustrating theportion of the mechanism for operating the justifying and scanningmechanism in synchronism.

Fig. 16 is a plan view of the adjusting mechanism of Figs. 11 to 15,inclusive.

Fig. 1'1 is an end view of the device of Fig. 16.

Fig. 18 illustrates examples of different lengths of lines of typedcopy, before and after justiflcation.

Fig. 19 is a circuit diagram of the operating mechanism of the device.

Referring to the drawings and more particularly to Figs. 1, 4, and 11 to17, inclusive, the machine comprises generally a carriage 38 to supportthe original document or non-justified copy and the sensing apparatus; acarriage 31, to support the scanning apparatus; a carriage 32 to supportthe photographic material; and mechanism generally designated as 33comprising the novel adjustable justification producing mechanism (Figs.11- to 1'1, inclusive) for adjusting the machine to the length of lineto be scanned and for producing automatically 9. required amount ofjustiflcation.

Carriages 38, 31 and 32 are mounted on a base 34 supported by legs 35,and the novel adjustable justifying mechanism is, in the most part,mounted beneath the base 34 (Figs. 11, 12 and 14, for example). A maindrive shaft 36 (Fig. 5) is mounted in a housing 31 and bearings 38 and39, beneath the base 34, and is driven by a motor 40 (Fig. 4) belt 41,pulley 42, pulley 43, belt 44 and pulley 45 driving the gear reductionmechanism (not shown) enclosed in housing 31, to in turn drive shaft 36.

Document carriage Carriage 38, in which the original document ornon-justified copy 46 is mounted, comprises a pair of upright frames 41and 48 (Figs. 1, 4 and 5) secured to base 34. A shaft 48 (Fig. 6) isrotatably mounted between the frames and has attached thereto feedrollers 58 provided with radially extending pins 5| cooperating withholes along the edges of the document 46 to thereby align and advancethe document.

Document feeding mechanism comprises a ratchet 52 (Figs. 6 and 7)secured to the righthand end of shaft 48 to drive the same, a pawl 53,mounted on member 54 pivoted on shaft 48, which cooperates with ratchet52 to drive the ratchet and shaft 48 upon oscillation of member 54. Pawl53 is spring pressed into engagement with ratchet 52 by a spring 533. Alink 55 is pivotally connected at one end to member 54 and at the otherend to one arm of lever 56 (Fig. '1) pivotally supported on the frame48. A rod 51 is connected at one end thereof to the other arm of lever56 and is pivotally connected by a threaded connection to an arm 58(Fig, 6) pivotally mounted for oscillation on shaft 59. Shaft 58 (Figs.2 and 5) which is also oscillatable, as described presently, issupported in brackets 68 and 61 secured to the underside of base 34. Ahub 62 (Fig. '1) rigidly connects the arm 58 to a cam follower 63provided at its free end with a roller 64 cooperating with a cam 65(Fig. 6) mounted on shaft 36. A spring 66 urges the roller 64 constantlyinto engagement with the cam 65.

Referring to Fig. 6, rotation of cam 65 in the direction of the arrow,rocks the arms 63 and 58 counter-clockwise about shaft 58 which movementis transmitted; through rod 51, lever 56, link 55. and member 54; toretract the feed pawl 53 one tooth. When the high portion of cam 65passes roller 64, spring 66 reverses the movement of the linkage justdescribed to advance the pawl 53 to in turn advance ratchet 52 one toothto rotate the shaft 43 and rollers 55 whereby document 46 is advancedone line space. A roller 61 (Fig. '1) carried by retainer pawl 68 springbiased by spring 68s, cooperates with a 'notched disk 68 secured toratchet 52 to align and yieldingly hold shaft 48 and the document, inposition, Knurled knobs 15 (Fig. 6) are attached to the ends of shaft 48for manual adjustment of the document. To maintain the document 46 inclose engagement with the feed rollers 58, and with a roller 11, a pairof rollers 12, formed with annular grooves to clear the feed pins 51, isprovided, one roller on each end of shaft 13. Also mounted on shaft 13is a roller 14 cooperating with roller 1|. Shaft 13 is supported betweenthe arms 15 pivotally supported on studs 16 projecting inwardly fromframes 41 and 48. Arms 15 may be rotated manually to facilitateinsertion of a new document, stops 11 (Fig. 5) being provided in theframes to limit their movement. The original document or nonjustifiedcopy may comprise a letter or other typewritten document or it may be inthe form of a comparatively long strip of paper comprising a roll, whichis fed, line by line, past the scanning mechanism.

Scanning carriage The scanning carriage, generally designed as 31, ismounted to travel on a bar 18 (Fig. 8) supported by uprights 1918secured to the base 34. The carriage is provided with three knife edgedrollers 88, two of which travel in a groove along the upper edge of thebar 18, the remaining or lower roller travelling along a groove in thebottom edge of bar 18 (Fig. 5). In order to maintain an accuratealignment of the scanning carriage, the lower roller 88 is mounted on anarm 81 (Fig. 8) which is pivotally supported on the carriage body 31b. Aspring 82 tensioned between the carriage body and the free end of arm 81presses the rollers 88 into the respective grooves. The movement of thecarriage body 3lb of the scanning carriage 31 is controlled by a cam 83mounted on the drive shaft 36 for rotation therewith. Cam 83 cooperateswith a roller 84 on a lever 65 mounted for oscillation on a rock-shaft86 mounted in bracket 38 and in a bracket 61 (Fig. 5) secured to thebase 34. A spring 88 having one of its ends fast to an extension a oflever 85 presses the roller 84 into engagement with the periphery of cam83. As cam 83 rotates in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 8), spring 88rocks the lever 85 clockwise. shifting the body 3|b of the scanningcarriage toward the right until the low portion of the cam 83 is underthe roller 84, at which point the carriage body 3112 is in its extremeright-hand position. Continued rotation of the cam 83 reverses thedirection of movement of the lever 85 and of the scanning carriage body3Ib, moving it from right to left. It is during this latter movement, asindicated by the arrow (Fig. 8), that the actual scanning occurs.

Mounted on carriage body 3Ib for reciprocation therewith is an opticalsystem 89 (Figs. and This system comprises a tube 89a in which aremounted lenses 99 and 9 I. Between the lenses is mounted a masking disk92, while a second masking disk 93 is fixed to the right-hand end of thetube 99a. Adjacent disk 93 is a shutter 94 provided with an opening 95to be aligned with the opening. 98 in disk 93. Shutter 94 is slidablymounted in a sleeve 91 forming a part of the lens mounting. Uponoperation of the utter 94, as described presently, the aperture thereofis movedv out of alignment with aperture 99 in disk 93 to render theoptical system ineffective during the return movement of the scanningcarriage. Lamps 98 (Figs. 4 and 5) mounted on a bracket 99 (Fig. 8)secured to the carriage body 3Ib, provide illumination on the originaldocument 49, the image of whose typewritten characters is projected bythe lens system (Fig. 10) onto a film I99 to produce the photographicreproduction of the characters.

During the reciprocation of the carriage body 3Ib by the lever 85, asdescribed above, the shutter 94 is operated to render the lens systeminoperative during the return movement of the carriage. Shutter 94 isslidably mounted in sleeve 91, as stated above, and as the carriage body3Ib travels to the left (Fig. 8) the shutter 94 strikes a stop I9I,adjustably mounted on a plate I92 secured to the bar 18, preventing theshutter from moving farther to the left. The carriage body 3"), however,travels a short distance after the shutter 94 is stopped, so that theshutter is slidably shifted and its aperture 95 is moved out of linewith aperture 95 in masking disk 93 (Fig. 10) thereby rendering theoptical system inoperative. The shutter remains in its new positionduring the return movement of the carriage and until the carriage body3Ib approaches the right hand limit of its travel (Fig. 8) at which timeshutter 94 engages stop member I93 adjustably supported on a plate I94,secured to the bar 19, thereby shifting the shutter to bring itsaperture 95 into alignment with the masking aperture 99 to render theoptical system operative. As the carriage body moves to the left (Fig.8) during this actual scanning stroke, the line of typed matter isscanned and reproduced in photographic negative form on film I99.

An elongated opening is provided in the casing 320 of the film carriage(Fig. 5) through which projects the reduced end 9111 of the sleeve 91 asthe scanning carriage body 3| b is reciprocated during the operation ofthe machine. In order to protect the unexposed film I99 against exposureto extraneous light, a slide I95 is provided. This slide is ofsufficient length so that the opening in casing 32c is covered at alltimes, regardless of the position of the scanning carriage body 3 lb.Slide I95 is mounted in grooves, formed by the plates I99 secured tocasing 320 and by the casing itself. The reduced end 91a of sleeve 91projects through the slide I95 and into the casing 32c, as stated above,so that the reciprocatory movement of the scanning carriage body 3Ib istransmitted to the slide, which slide thereby travels back and forthwith the scanning carriage body.

Sensing mechanism Sensing mechanism, for automatically determining theamount of justification required for any length of line of typing, isprovided and is illustrated in the present embodiment as separate fromthe scanning means and comprising a portion thereof mounted on thedocument carriage 3,9 and another portion mounted beneath the base 34.Referring to Fig. 18, three lines of typed copy, before and afterjustification, are illustrated therein. At the end of each line oftyping, there is typed an opaque spot indicated as I91. This spot issensed, by mechanism to be described presently, in order toautomatically determine the extent of justification required for eachline. Justification is then automatically effected by moving the filmcarriage in the opposite direction to and in synchronism with thescanning carriage movement during the actual scanning stroke, asdescribed in detail later, whereby there i produced a photographic copyor replica whose lines are uniformly justified throughout theirrespective extents.

A pressure plate I98 (Figs. 5 and 6) is pivoted on arms I99 dependingfrom a bar II9 which in turn is pivotally supported in brackets IIIsecured to the sides of members 41 and 48 (see also Fig. 7). A springII2 (Fig. 6) having one end fast on an arm II3 secured at a right angleto one end of bar II9, presses the plate I98 into engagement with thecopy 46. An elongated opening I I4 in plate I99 exposes a single line oftyped matter, the image of which is to be projected by the lens system89 onto film I99, as the scanning carriage sweeps across the copy 46. Atthe left end of pressure plate I99 (Fig. 6), the opening I I4 isenlarged, at I Mo, to expose the next lower line to be sequentiallyscanned. Directly to the right of enlarged opening II4a (Fig. 5) ismounted a prism H5 in a housing II6 mounted on a condenser housing I I1supported by plate II1a mounted on base 34. A condenser len H9 ismounted within housing II1 above an opening II9a in base 34. Directlybelow the condenser lens is located a light source II9 supported on abracket I29 secured to the underside of base 34 (Fig. 6). Also supportedon the bracket I29 is a reflector I2I.

A photocell I22 (Fig. 5) is mounted in a housing I23 supported by frames41 and 48 of the document carriage 39. Photocell I22 lies directlyopposite the prism II5 (Fig. 5) so that the light from source I I9 isprojected through condenser lens H8 and into prism II5, which changesits direction, to project the light rays upon photocell I22. The openingII4a in plate I98 coincides with a slot I 24 (Fig. 9) in the casing I23.

A slide I 25 (Figs. 6 and 9) located within casing I23 opposite theprism H5 is pivotally connected at one end to an arm I29 (Fig. 6)pivoted On a stud I21 projecting from a bracket I28 (Fig. 7) secured tothe base 34. Secured to the other end of slide I 25 is a. plate I29(Fig. 5) having a disk I39 (Figs. 6 and 9) fast thereon. The disk I 39fits into the slot I24 and is adapted to be reciprocated therein tothereby support and guide the combined slide I25I29.

The plate I29 of slide I25-I29 is pressed into close engagement with theinside surface of the casing I23 by means of two springs I3I (only oneshown Fig. 9) attached to plate I29 and tensioned between two anglemembers I32 (Fig. 5) disposed one above and one below the plate I29.

A lever I33 (Figs. 6 and 7) is pivoted on stud I21 adjacent the arm I26and has secured to its upper end a formed member I34 embracing the armI25. Member I34 carries an adjusting screw I35 which serves to adjustthe position of the combined slide I-I29. A link I (Fig. 6) connects thelower arm of lever I33 to an arm I31 fast on shaft 59, to which shaft,as described presently, is fastened an arm I38 (Fig. 3).

As described in detail later, upon rotation of a cam I40 (Fig. 3), aspring I4I cooperating with cam I40 rocks the roller I39, arm I36, andshaft 59, first clockwise and then counterclockwise, to feed the filmI00 in order to bring an unexposed portion thereof in line with theoptical system. Clockwise movement of shaft 59 and of arm I31 (Fig. 6)is transmitted to link I35 to in turn rock lever I33 clockwise (Fig. 6).Upon clockwise movement of lever I33, a spring I42; tensioned betweenthe slide I25--I29 and a bracket I43, secured to base 34; draws theslide I25I29 to the right, maintaining arm I26 in engagement with theadjusting screw I35.

An aperture I44 (Figs. 6 and 9) is provided, extending through the plateI29 and the disk I30, and the rays of light from the source I I9 areprojected through opening II8a, condenser lens H8, prism H5, apertureII4a, through the copy 45, and aperture I44 to the photocell I22. As theaperture I44 is moved, towards the end of a line of typing, photocellI22 is energized until the aperture I44 coincides with an opaque spotI01 at the end of a line of typed material, at which time the light raysreaching photocell I22 are interrupted thereby deenergizing the cell.This deenergization controls a solenoid I45 (Fig. 19) as described indetail later, which controls the novel justifying mechanism, describedin detail later, to predetermine the distance that the film casingcarrying the film is to be moved during the next succeeding scanningoperation, that is, the amount that the next line is to be justified isautomatically predetermined.

The amount of justification required to bring all lines of approximatelyone chosen length, to the same length, is therefore determined by theopaque spot I01 at the end of the line of typed material. It has beenfound that this amount of justification usually falls within a limit ofeight character spaces, with the exception of the last line of aparagraph, which may be of any length. As described later, novelmechanism is provided whereby the justifying means of the presentinvention can be manually adjusted to justify substantially differentchosen lengths of typed lines and any line whose spot I01 falls withinthe extent of eight character spaces of the right-hand end, of thechosen length of line, will be lengthened an amount determined by thesensing of the opaque spot I01, as described above.

Film carriage The film carriage, generally designated as 32, comprisesthe light tight casing 320 in which is supported a roll of the film I00,so that the film may be unrolled and fed, by means described presently,past the lens system 89, whose reduced end portion 910. extends into thecasing 320, as described above. Casing 320 is mounted on a base plateI46 which is secured to cross bars I41 and I46 extending transversely ofthe machine. The underside of bar I48 is provided with a longitudinallyextending groove which embraces and rests upon anti-friction balls I49carried in the groove in the upper edge of a rail I50 secured to base34. Bar I41 is also mounted on anti-friction balls I49 supported in agroove in the upper edge of a rail I5I supported by base 34. Retainingclips I52 (Fig. 5) secured to the rails I50 and I5I have their upperends bent over the bars to prevent displacement of the film carriagecasing but permit movement of the casing along the rails I50 and I5I bythe novel justifying mechanism to be presently described.

When the film I00 is unwound from its roll, it passes around a pair offeed rollers I53 (only one shown, Fig. 5) secured to a shaft I54supported in the side plate of the casing 32c. Tension rollers I55 (Fig.5) carried on arms I56 mounted on a shaft I51 are urged by springs I56against the feed rollers I54 to provide sufficient tension for feedingthe film. The film passes between a guide plate I59 (Fig. 5) and a crossbar I60 suitably supported in the casing 320, thence upward through achute I5I and between a roller I52 and a deflector plate I63, where itis coiled as indicated at I64 in a receiving box I55. The roller I62 ismounted on shaft I65 supported in the end pieces of the film receiverI65. The film receiver I65 is detachably held in position on top of thefilm supply chamber 320 by two spring retainers I61 (Fig. 4), one ofwhich is disposed on each end of the chamber 320, which retainerscooperate with pins projecting from the end pieces of the receiver. Whenin this position, receiver I65 forms a light tight connection with thefilm chamber 320.

In order to introduce the leading end of the film between the feedrollers I53 (Fig. 5) and the tension rollers I55, the end of the shaftI51 projects beyond the casing 320 and has 56- cured thereto arm I68(Fig. 4). By moving this arm counterclockwise, the operator may rotatethe shaft I51 in the same direction, to move the rollers I55 out ofcontact with the feed roller.

Referring now to Fig. 2, a feed pawl I69, carried on one end of a leverI10 pivotally mounted on the shaft I54, is spring urged by spring I693,into engagement with a ratchet wheel I" secured to the shaft I54. A linkI12 connects the other end of the lever I10 to the free end of an armI13 secured to the shaft 59 (see also Fig. 3). The bell-crank I38 alsosecured to the shaft 59 carries the anti-friction roller I39 which ismaintained in cooperative relation with the cam I40, fast on the shaft36, by a spring I having one end fast to the bell-crank I38.

As the cam I40 (Fig. 3) rotates in a clockwise direction, as indicatedby the arrow, the spring I4I cooperates with the cam to rock thebell-crank I38, shaft 59 and arm I13 also clockwise, thereby loweringthe link I12. This rocks the lever I10 counterclockwise (Fig. 2) toadvance the ratchet I1I, shaft I54 and feed roller I53 (Fig. 5), onestep. In this manner the film is advanced one line space. Furtherrotation of cam I40 reverses the direction of movement of the train justdescribed, retracting the feed pawl I69 one tooth.

A retaining finger I14 (Fig. 4) is spring urged by spring I14s intoengagement with a serrated disk I15, fast on the opposite end of shaftI54,

to align the feed rollers I53 and consequently the film.

A knob I16 (Fig. 1) secured to the shaft I54 adjacent the ratchet I1I(Figs. 1 and 2) permits manual operation of the feed rollers I53. Whilemeans for feeding a roll of film, step by step, have been disclosed, itis to be understood that this is merely indicative of any equivalentmeans for feeding sensitized material, step by step, one line space at atime.

Novel justifying mechanism is also provided, as will now be described,whereby the film casing 320 is moved in synchronism with the scanningsystem 89 and in the opposite direction, so that the length of thephotographically reproduced copy is properly automatically justified inaccordance with the amount of justification needed, as determined by thesensing mechanism, as described above.

Justifying mechanism Justification is effected by laterally moving thefilm upon which the image is being projected. The film is moved in theopposite direction to the movement of the scanning lens and insynchroism with the scanning movement of the lens. The novel justifyingmeans of the present invention comprise not only means for producingjustification automatically under control of the sensing mechanism, asdescribed above, but also means whereby the justifying mechanism can bemanually preset, in accordance with the length of printed line to bescanned, so that the justification is initiated at such a time as todistribute the justification, only over that portion of the reproducedline which contains printed matter, so that the evenness of theleft-hand margin of the column of printed matter is retained, despitethe justification of different lengths of copy.

Referring to Fig. 5, it is seen, as described in detail above, that thefilm casing 320 is mounted for lateral movement on the rails I50 and IProjecting downwardly from the bottom of the casing are a. pair ofblocks 32b, 32b, (only one shown in Fig. 13). The casing 320 is springbiased (by means not shown) to continually urge the blocks 321) againstthe levers II'I (Fig. 13) these levers I'I'I being controlled in theirmovement by the novel justifying mechanism to be presently described, topermit the spring biasing means, controlling the lateral movement ofcasing 320, to move the casing in accordance with the controlledmovement of levers Ill. The levers I'I'I are also rotated clockwise(Fig. 13) to move the blocks 32b, and therefore casing 320, against theforce of the biasing means, to reset the film carriage to zero or normalposition.

The novel justifying mechanism comprises a plurality of eight cam platesIl8a to "8h, inclusive (Fig. 16), mounted for rotation in a group abouta pivot I19 (Fig. 12) and spring biased for clockwise rotation as agroup by spring I80 acting on arm "90:. Each of the cam plates isprovided with an end cam surface I8Ia to I8Ih, respectively, adapted toengage a slidable roller I82 (Figs. 14 and 16) mounted for slidingmovement on rods I83 and I84 under control of a fork I85. The roller I82is slidably actuated into alignment with one of the cam surfaces I8Ia toI8Ih, inclusive, selectively in accordance with the amount ofjustification required by the particular line sensed. Fork I85 isadjusted in position in accordance with the time of energization ofsolenoid I45 (Figs. 16 and 19) which time is determined by the positionof the opaque spot I01 (Fig. 18) of the line sensed. The positioning ofthe fork I85 is controlled by mechanism to be described presently.

The oscillation of the plate cams II8a to II8h, inclusive, is controlledby a roller I86 (Fig. 12) mounted on an arm I81 connected to theslidable hub member I88. Hub I88 is slidable axially with respect toshaft 36 to adjust the position of roller 78 I 86 beneath a selected oneof the cam plates by means of mechanism to be described presently.

Roller I86 is thereby selectively set to engage one out of the group oflower cam surfaces I89a to I89h, inclusive, each respectively on camplates II8a to H811, inclusive. The cam surfaces I89a to I 89h,inclusive, have different cam contours whereby the movement of rollerI86, as it is oscillated under and in engagement with the selected camsurfaces, cooperates with these cam surfaces to produce, respectively,different amounts of dwell, during which dwell the cam plates H801 toII8h, inclusive, are not permitted to oscillate clockwise. This dwell issynchronized with the scanning of that part of the scanned line whichhas no typed characters therein, so that no justification occurs at thistime, justification occurring only when characters are actually scannedwhereby the entire justification is dis- 20 tributed, over that portiononly, of the reproduced line, which contains typed characters. Forexample, plate cam I'I8a has no effective dwell and its cam surface I89ais so designed that the roller I86 passes immediately, during itsclockwise oscillation, onto the active portion of cam surface I89a, sothat plate cam I 18a begins to oscillate in a clockwise direction,immediately, whereby the amount of justification; selected by theslidable adjustment of roller I82 under control of fork I85; isdistributed throughout the length of the line reproduced on the film.Roller I 86, therefore, is selectively positioned under plate cam I'I8a,when the longest desired length of typewritten line is to be scanned.

Plate cam II8h is provided with the greatest amount of dwell and itslower cam surface I89h is therefore so designed that during a greatportion of the oscillation of roller I86, which is synchronized with thescanning movement of the 40 scanning lens, no justification is produced.During the latter portion of the scanning movement, however, the rollerI86 will engage with the active part of the surface I89h and will permitclockwise rotation of the plate cams H811 to H872. to initiatejustification. It is seen, therefore, that roller I86 will beselectively positioned beneath plate cam I'I8h when the shortest desiredlength of typewritten line is to be justified. The other plate camsI'l8b to I'I8g, inclusive, are selectively chosen by movement of rollerI86, when lengths of line, intermediate between the longest and theshortest desired, are to be scanned.

The roller I86 is rotated by the arm I81 and the hub assembly I88, in amanner described in detail later. Means, now to be described, areprovided for axially sliding the hub I88 so that roller I86 may beadjusted to a position beneath a selected one of the plate cams, inaccordance with the length of line to be justified.

A curved lever I90 (Fig. 12) is provided with forked ends I 90a and I90b(Fig. 17) embracing a shaft I9I and is attached thereto, at anintermediate portion of the lever I90, to control the axial and rotativemovement of this shaft. As lever I90 is pulled outwardly, (Fig. 1 2) apin I90b is disengaged from and clears a cooperating indentation I92,formed in a flange 34f of the base 84. A series of these indentations I92 is provided, one for each of eight uniformly distributed rotativepositions of the lever I90.

As lever I90 is rotated, its calibrated end plate I90p (Fig. 17) is alsorotated and in conjunction with the index mark I90m presents a visualindication of the length of line to be justified and for which themechanism is set.

As lever I98 is rotated, the shaft |9I (Fig. 12) is similarly rotated tooscillate the gear sector I92, mounted on, and for rotation with, shaftI9I. The sector I92 meshes with the gear sector I93, pivoted at I94, foroscillation upon rotation of shaft HI and sector I92. Pivot I94 issuitably mounted for rotation, and upon rotation of this pivot, its armI95 carrying pin I96 is oscillated. Pin I96 engages a groovedcooperating element in the hub I88 whereby the hub is axially shifted sothat the roller I86 carried by arm I81 of hub I88 is located beneath achosen one of the plate cams I18a to H611, inclusive, in accordance withthe amount of rotation of lever I98, as indicated by, the index plateI98 and index mark I98m. By the proper setting of lever I98, the rollerI86 will be positioned to engage with that one of the cam surfaces 189ato I89h, inclusive, corresponding to the length of line to be scanned.

As lever I98 is pulled outwardly, and prior to rotative adjustmentthereof, shaft I9I (Fig. 11) is slidably axially actuated against therestoring force of spring I9 Is. A circumferentially extending grooveI9Ig is engaged by a U-shaped member I91, fastened to one end of shaftI98 (Fig. 16) suitably mounted for rotation. As shaft I9I is axiallyshifted, member I91 is oscillated to in turn oscillate the shaft I98. Alever member I99 (Figs. 11 and 16) is attached to shaft I98 for rotationtherewith. Movement of lever I99 is transmitted by a link 288 pivotallyconnected to lever 28I, mounted for oscillation on shaft 86. Lever 28Icarries, at its upper extremity, a roller 282, and upon oscillation oflever 28I, roller 282 engages the cam surface 28311 of a cam plate 283connected to the cam plates I18a to I18h, inclusive, which are alljoined together for simultaneous oscillation about pivot I19, by meansof spacers 284 and rivet 285. When lever I98 is pulled outwardly, asstated above, roller 282 is oscillated clockwise over the cam surface283a, to thereby lift the cam plate 283 and the attached cam plateassembly I18a to I18h, inclusive, until the plate assembly is entirelyfree of its controlling roller I86, so that the roller I86 may bemanually adjusted in position beneath the desired plate cam, asdescribed above. After lever I98 is pulled outwardly and also rotated toselectively position roller I86, it is released, and under the restoringforce of spring I9Is, pin I98b is held in a cooperating indentation I92,corresponding to the index setting of the lever I98, until lever I98 isagain pulled outwardly to rotatably adjust its position in accordancewith another desired length of line to be justified.

Means are provided for oscillating th roller I86, in step with thescanning of the copy to be justified, and comprise a link 284 (Fig.pivotally connected to the scanning arm 85 which is oscillated undercontrol of cam 83, as described above. Link 284 is also pivotallyconnected to lever 285 (Fig. 16) which is integrally connected to lever281 by a sleeve member 286 mounted for rotation on shaft 288. Lever 281is pivotally connected to a lever 288 (Figs. 15 and 16) which, in turn,is pivotally connected to a lever 289, integral with a sleeve member 2I8mounted for rotation on shaft 36. Sleeve member 2 I8 is mountedconcentrically within the hub member I88 and is connected to this hubmember, to rotate the same, by means of a key 2| I. The hub I88,therefore, is rotatable under control of the sleeve 2I8 but is freelyand slidably positionable, axially of shaft 36, by slidable movementupon sleeve 2I8.

After roller I86 has been selectively positioned beneath the chosenplate cam and lever I98 has been released so that the chosen one, of theplate cam surfaces I89a to I89h, inclusive, is in engagement with rollerI86, oscillation of lever to produce scanning movement of the scanninglens is also transmitted via linkage 284 and elements 288, 286, 281, 288and 289 to the sleeve member 2I8 and via the key 2 to the hub I88whereby roller arm I 81 and roller I86 are oscillated, beneath thechosen plate cam and in engagement with the proper cam surface, insynchronism with the scanning movement. As roller I86 oscillates beneaththe chosen plate cam, the plate cam assembly is first permitted todwell, for a period dependent upon the length of dwell surface of theselected plate cam, and is then permitted to oscillate clockwise toinitiate justification by moving the selected one of the cam surfacesIlla to I8Ih, inclusive, over the roller I82 (Figs. 14 and 16) whichroller is adjustably positioned in accordance with the degree ofjustification required, so that the levers I11 (Fig. 13) which carryroller I82 and whose movement is controlled by roller I82 and the chosencam surface, are oscillated in accordance with the positions of rollerI82, as determined by the selected one of the engaging cam surfaces I8Iato I8Ih, inclusive.

Means are provided, which will now be described, to oscillate the leversI11, whereby the blocks 32b and the casing 320 are reset, at the propertime in the cycle, and to release the levers I11 for movement undercontrol of the roller I82 and the selected cam surface upon initiationof scanning movement. A cam 2I2 (Fig. 13) is mounted on shaft 36 forrotation therewith and cooperates with the roller 2I3 connected to arm 2attached to shaft 2I5. The pair of arm ,I11 are connected to shaft 2I5so that the posi ion of arms I11 at one portion of a cycle is determinedby the coaction of roller 2I3 and the cam surface of cam 2I2. In theposition, as illustrated in Fig. 13, the roller 2I3 is held, free of thecam surface of cam 2I2, since roller I82 is riding on the extreme lowerend of one of the plate cams. When the plate cams are lowered, roller2I3 will engage the surface of the cam 2I2 which at the proper time inthe cycle of operation oscillates levers I11 clockwise to restore thefilm carriage to its zero or normal position against the force of itsbiasing means. During scanning of the copy, however, the low portion ofthe cam 2 I 2 is presented to roller 2I3, so that the engagement ofroller I82 and the selected one of the controlling cam surfaces I8Ia toI8Ih, inclusive, determines the movement of the arms I11 and thereforethe degree of movement of the casing 320, during the scanning of thecopy. Casing 32c and the film I88 are therefore moved, in the oppositedirection to the scanning movement, and to a degree dependent upon theparticular one of the cam surfaces I8Ia to I8Ih, inclusive, with whichroller I82 is engaged. The selection of the particular cam surface iscontrolled by the sensing mechanism and that portion of the noveljustifying mechanism, now to be described.

Fork I85 (Fig. 14) is attached to a slidable member 2I6 (see also Fig.16) mounted for sliding movement in grooves 2I1 by projections 2I6aintegral with member 2I6. Member 2I6 is provided with a plurality ofteeth 2 I lit, (Fig. 16) each of which is engageable by the hooked end2I8a. of arm 2I8 pivoted at 2I9. Armature I45a of solenoid I45 ispivotally connected to arm 2I8 to thereby oscillate the arm 2I8 aboutthe pivot 2I8 against the resistance of a spring 2I8s, when solenoid I45is energized. Upon sensing of an opaque spot I01 (Fig. 18) the solenoidI 45 is energized, as described later, armature M511 is attracted topull the hooked end 8:; of arm I I8 into engagement with the particulartooth 2I6t of slidable member 2I6 which is aligned with the hooked end2I8a. Means are provided, as described presently, to move the slidablemember 2I6 in synchronism with the sensing mechanism. While the sensingslide I25-I29 (Figs. 6 and 9) is being moved from left to right (Fig.6), the slidable member 2I6 (Fig. 16) is moved downwardly, insynchronism with the movement of sensing slide I25-I29. The position ofmember H6 is therefore continuously coordinated with that of the sensingslide I25-I20 so that the position of member 2| 6, when an opaque spotI01 (Fig. 18) is sensed, is a measure of the amount of justificationrequired as indicated by the position of spot I01, which position isautomatically ascertained by the sensing mechanism, as previouslydescribed.

The means employed to actuate member 2I6 in synchronism with the slideI25I29 comprise a link 220 (Fig. 16) pivotally connected to member 2I6and to a link 22I, which, in turn, is connected by the universalconnecting member 222 to a link 223. Link 220 is provided with anabutting section 220a (Fig. 16), which abuts an eccentric cam member22Ia mounted on link 22I, upon clockwise rotation of link 22I. Theeccentric member can be rotatably adjusted to determine the exact timeat which link 220 is .positively driven by link 22I. A spring 224interconnects the links 220 and 22I and continuously urges the cammember 22Ia towards the abutting section 220a. When slidable member 2I6is held, by engagement between a tooth 2I6t and the hooked end 2I8a ofarm 2I8, the spring 224 holds the tooth 2I6t against the hooked end 2l8awhile the links 220 and HI are further separated against the force ofspring 224 (as shown in Fig. 16) during continued operation of thedriving mechanism. Link 223 is connected by a second universalconnecting member 222 to one end 225a of a bell-crank member 225.Bellcrank 225 is pivoted for rotation about shaft 86 (Fig. 14) and isprovided with a driven roller 2251* held in engagement with cam 226 byspring 221 connected at one end to a lug 2251) of bell-crank 225 and atthe other end to pin 221p connected to frame 34. Cam 226 is fastened toshaft 36, so that this cam 226 which controls the driving mechanism forslidable member 2I6, is driven by the shaft that rotates shaft 59 (Fig.3) which shaft 50 through arm I31 (Fig. 6), link I36 and arm I33,controls the reciprocation of the sensing slide I25I29. Rotation of cam226 oscillates bell-crank member 225 clockwise about shaft 86, whilespring 221 pulls the member 225 counterclockwise when roller 2251-engages the depressed portion of cam 226. Counterclockwise rotation ofmember 225 pulls the link 223 (Fig. 14) to the left to actuate link 22I(Fig. 16) so that cam member 22Ia engages the abutment 220a of link 220to shift the member 2I6 upwardly, as viewed in Fig. 16, to return theslide to its normal position. As the sensing slide I25-I29 moves fromleft to right (Fig. 6) to automatically determine the position of theopaque spot I01 (Fig. 18) roller 2251 (Fig. 14) is engaged by the risingportion of cam 226 to oscillate member 225 clockwise to shift the lever223 (Fig. 14) to the right, to actuate link Hi.

As link 22I is urged counterclockwise (Fig. 16), spring 224 similarlyrotates link 220 to pull the slide 2I6 downwardly, in synchronism withthe movement of sensing lide I25--I29. The teeth 2I6t of member 2I6move, one by one, past the hooked end 2I8a, until a spot I01 (Fig. 18)is sensed, whereupon solenoid I45 is energized, as described presently,to attract its armature I45a to oscillate arm 2I8 clockwise (Fig. 16) tothereby engage the hook 2 I8a with the chosen tooth 2 I 6t, to hold theslide member in position. Spring connection 224 permits continuedoperation of the driving mechanism, while the slide 2I6 is held in thechosen position. As the slide 2I6 was moved, roller I82 carried therebywas similarly moved by fork I85, so that the roller I82 was positionedin accordance with the amount of justification required. The fork I85engages an arm 221a (Fig. 14) of a member 221, which arm is providedwith a slot riding on the rod I04. Member 221 is also mounted formovement axially of rod I83. Arm 2211) of member 221 carries the rollerI82 which is thereby selectively positioned in line with the proper oneof the cam surfaces IBIa to I8I h, inclusive, (Fig. 16) in accordancewith the degree of justification required. As the cam plates oscillatedownwardly, the levers I11 (Figs. 13 and 14) are moved in accordancewith the selected cam contour, as previously described, and the blocks32b attached to spring biased film casing 320 (Figs. 5 and 13) areshifted transversely and in the opposite direction to scanning, wherebythe casing is similarly shifted and the reproduced photographic copy ofthe line of characters scanned is elongated to the extent required toproduce the desired amount of justification.

Wiring diagram Referring to Fig. 19, the wiring diagram of the operatingmechanism of the device is illustrated therein. Power is supplied by themains 228 and 229. Lines 230 and 23I controlled by a switch 232 supplyenergy to the motor 40 and to lamp H9 for sensing the spots I01 (Fig.18). A pair of cam operated contacts 0T2 are connected in series withlamp IIO to control the energization thereof after power is supplied.Contacts CT2 are timed to close, during the sensing period only, and areopened at the end of the sensing stroke of slide I25-I29 therebyrendering photocell I22 inoperative during the return stroke of sensingslide I25I29.

A transformer primary 233 is connected by switch 234 to bus bars 228 and229. One secondary coil 235 supplies energy to the scanning lamps 08(only one shown in Fig. 19). Another secondary coil 236 supplies energyto the filament of a full wave rectifier 231 whose plate current issupplied by another secondary winding 238. An amplifier comprising tubes239a and I39b is controlled by the photocell I22, in turn controlled bysensing lamp I I9 and the opaque spots I01 of the sensed copy. Theamplifier in turn controls the energization of relay coil 240. When thesensing aperture I44 (Fig. 6) senses an opaque spot I01 (Fig. 18),current through photocell I22 decreases, to produce plate current flowin the amplifier and energization of coil 240. Energization of the relaycoil 240 attracts its armature 240a. to close a circuit, from the centertap of the secondary 236, line 24I, contacts 240a oi relay 240, line242, cam contacts GT4, which are closed at this time by a suitable timedcam drive, solenoid I45, line 243 to the center tap of secondary 238.Solenoid I45 is thereby energized to attract its armature I45a (Fig. 16)to lock the slide member 2I6 in position to thereby locate roller I82 inalignment with the proper justifying cam surface, as previouslydescribed.

Since the relay 248 is energized, momentarily only, closure of contacts2480 is also employed to energize a relay 2 provided with contacts 2480,which are closed upon encrgization of relay 244, to establish a holdingcircuit for relay I45 to hold it energized for the duration of thescanning operation, in order to hold the hooked end 2I8a of arm 2! (Fig.16) in engagement with a tooth of member 2I8, thereby maintaining rollerI82 in engagement with its selected cam surface, throughout thejustifying portion of a complete cycle. Shortly after scanning andjustifying are completed, the cam contacts CTI open, deenergizing thesolenoid I45, whereupon spring 2I8s (Fig. 16) disengages the hooked end2I8a of arm 2I8 from the engaged tooth 2I6t of member 2I6, and member2I6 is released to be controlled by its actuating mechanism whereby itis restored to its initial position, as described above, preparatory toinitiation of another justifying operation.

If the line scanned is of the same length as that to which the line isto be justified, the point in the cycle of operations at which slot Icoincides with this particular spot I81; as, for example, in the secondline of Fig. 18; is such that cam contacts GT4 have not yet been closed,so that energization of relay 248 produces no energization of relay I45.The teeth of the slide memher 2 I 6, therefore, are not engaged by thehooked end 2 I811 of member 2 l8 and roller I82 drops (Fig. 16) until itis aligned with the stop bracket I82s, which is the limit of movement ofthe roller I82. In this position, oscillation of the roller I82 aboutthe shaft 2I5 (Fig. 14) is prevented, so that the levers I'I'I, blocks32b and the film casing 320, are maintained in the normal positionthroughout the entire scanning cycle. Likewise, if the amount ofjustification required is more than eight units, the roller I82 issimilarly moved into alignment with stop I82s, and no ustincationensues.

Operation At the end of a cycle, the scanning carriage body 3Ib (Fig. 8)is in its extreme left-hand position, having just completed scanning ofa line of copy and being about to return to its original position. Thefilm casing 320 has been moved the full justifying amount permitted bythe roller I82 and the particular chosen cooperating cam surface, andcam 2I2 (Fig. 13) acting through roller 2I3 and arm 2, is about torotate the levers I11 clockwise, to restore the casing 320 to its normalnon-justifying position. The slide member 2I6 has been returned to itsupper (Fig. 6) or normal position and roller I82 is in line with the camsurface I8Ia. During the first part of the cycle; the scanning carriagebody 82b is restored towards the right (Fig. 8); the film feed mechanismadvances the film one line space to bring an unexposed portion in linewith the scanning lens system; and during this portion of the cycle, thesensing slide I25-I29 (Fig. 6) moves to the right to sense the line of:copy, beginning beyond its end and moving towards an opaque spot I81(Fig. 18). As the slide I25-I28 is moved to the right (Fig. 6), slidablemember 2l6 is maintained for one unit justification amount, in theposition as shown in Fig. 16, and if the line sensed requires one unitof justification, lever 2I8 will be actuated, as in Fig. 16. when morethan one unit amount of justification is required, member 2I8 is pulleddownwardly, in synchronism with slide I25-I28 until an opaque spot I81is sensed whereupon photocell I22 (Figs. 5 and 19) is rendered operativeto produce a plate current flow in amplifier 2280, 288?), to energizethe relay coil 248. If the sensing slot I has passed that positioncorresponding to the end of a length of line in which no justificationis required (under which condition, member 2 I8 drops into alignmentwith stop I823, since solenoid I" is not energized, all as describedabove), cam contacts CTI are now closed and solenoid I48 is energized toattractits armature I480. to engage the hooked end 2I8a and a tooth 2I8tto stop the slide member 2I8, so that roller I82 is aligned with theproper cam surface for the amount of justification required. As soon assensing is completed, the document feed rollers are actuated to advancethe copy 46, one line space, to bring the line, just sensed, intoscanning position or in alignment with opening H4 in plate I88. Contacts0T2 open at the end of the sensing stroke to deenergize lamp II! (Figs.6 and 19).

At the completion of its restoring movement, the scanning carriagebegins its scanning stroke and simultaneously the film casing 32c ismoved synchronously therewith, under control of the arms I11, whoseoscillation is controlled by roller I82 cooperating with the particularselected cam surface. The scanning stroke is fixed, so that in scanningshort lines, the scanning lens will be aligned merely with the blankpart of a line, during a portion of the scanning stroke. The length ofthe justifying stroke of the film carriage, however, may vary fi'om oneto eight points, depending upon the variation of the length of the linescanned-from the true full length, which scanned line was previouslysensed to determine its required justification, as described above. Itis to be particularly noted, that this justification is not coextensivewith the scanning movement but that due to the manual adjustment oflever I98 to the chosen index point position, as indicated by indexplate I881) and index mark I98m, roller I86 cooperates with the properone of the cam surfaces I88a to I89h, so that no justification ensuesuntil the printed matter of a line, is actually being scanned, and thejustification is therefore distributed only, throughout the length ofthe scanning of actual printed matter in any line. This justification isproduced by movement of the film casing 320 simultaneously with, and inthe opposite direction to, scanning of the actual printing only. In thismanner the image of the scanned line, projected upon the film, isreproduced, lengthened the amount required for justification, andfurther, the left-hand margin of a reproduced copy is maintained inalignment. By adjusting the device to the length of line as measured byan indentation of a paragraph, in a series of short narrow columns oftyped matter, no justification is produced until the scanning lensreaches the paragraph indentation, so that the left-hand margin ismaintained in alignment and the paragraph indentations are also somaintained.

Novel justifying mechanism is therefore provided whereby substantiallydifierent lengths of lines of copy may be justified efficiently, andwherein the left-hand margin of all justified copies are maintained inalignment.

While there has been shown and described and pointed out the fundamentalnovel features of the invention as applied to a single modification, itwill be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changesin the form and details of the device illustrated, and in its operation,may be made by those skilled in the art, without departing from thespirit of the invention. It is the intention, therefore, to be limitedonly as indicated by the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a device of the character described, a copy bearing non-justifiedlines, means to support a light sensitive material, means to scan saidcopy and project the image of the line thereof upon said material, meansto produce a relative movement between said support means and said copyand comprising a plurality of cam surfaces, and means to select any onecam surface in accordance with the amount of justification required.

2. In a device of the character described, a copy bearing non-justifiedlines, means to support a light sensitive material, means to scan saidcopy and project the image of the lines thereof upon said material,means to produce a relative movement between said support means and saidcopy and comprising a plurality of cam surfaces, means to select any oneof said cam surfaces in accordance with the degree of Justificationrequired, a second plurality of cam surfaces, and means to rendereffective a selected one only of said second plurality, in accordancewith the average length of line to be scanned.

3. In a device of the character described, a copy bearing non-justifiedlines, means to support a light sensitive material, means to scan saidcopy and project the image of the lines thereof upon said material, andmeans to produce a relative movement between said support means and saidcopy comprising double acting cam means for determining the amount ofand distribution of said relative movement.

4. In a device of the character described, a copy bearing non-justifiedlines, means to support a light sensitive material, means to produce arelative movement between said copy and support means including aplurality of cam plates, cam surfaces on one portion of each of saidplates, means cooperating with said portions to control said relativemovement, cam surfaces on another portion of each of said plates, andsettable means, settable to cooperate with a chosen one of saidlast-named surfaces to control the effect of said first-named surfaces.

5. In a device of the character described, a copy bearing non-justifiedlines, means to support a light sensitive material, means to producerelative movement between said copy and support means and including aplurality of cam plates, cam surfaces carried by each of said platesrespectively, and settable means, settable in accordance with the degreeof justification required to cooperate with a chosen one of said camsurfaces to'regulate said relative movement.

6. In a device of the character described, a copy bearing non-justifiedlines, means to support a light sensitive material, means to producerelative movement between said copy and support means and includingmeans for determining the distribution of said movement comprisinga'plurality of cam elements, and means for manually positioning acooperative element in engagement with a chosen one'of said camelements, in accordance with the length of line to be justified.

7. In a device of the character described, a plurality of cam plates,means mounting said plates for oscillation about a common pivot, meansmounted adjacent said plates and movable into cooperative positionadjacent a chosen one of said cam plates, and means for oscillating saidcam plates to permit movement of said mounted means.

8. In a device of the character described, a

plurality of cam plates, means mounting said sen one of said plates,said means including a sleeve member mounted for axial movement, an armmounted on said sleeve member, a roller carried by said arm adjacentsaid cam plates, and means for axially shifting said sleeve member inproportion to the length of line to be justified.

10. In a device for producing justified replicas of non-justified linesof CODY, a plurality of cam plates, means mounting said cam plates foroscillation about a common pivot, means mounted adjacent said plates andmovable transversely thereof into cooperative position adjacent a chosenone of said plates, said means including a sleeve member mounted foraxial movement, an arm mounted on said sleeve member, a roller carriedby said arm adjacent said cam plates, and means for axially shiftingsaid sleeve member in proportion to the length of line to be justifled,said means including a rotatably adjustable member for axially shiftingsaid sleeve member in proportion to the length of line to be justified.

11. In a device for of non-justified lines plates, means mounting saidplates for oscillation about a common pivot, a plurality of cam surfaceson each of said plates, means manually positioning a cooperative elementin engagement with an adjacent one of said cam elements in accordancewith the length of line to be justified, means mounted adjacent saidplates and movable into cooperative position adjacent a chosen one ofsaid cam surfaces, and means for oscillating said cam plates to permitmovement of said mounted means.

12. In a device for producing justified replicas of non-justified linesof copy, a plurality of cam plates, means mounting said plates foroscillation about a common pivot, means mounted adjacent said plates andmovable into cooperative position adjacent a chosen one of said camplates and including a rotatable member, adjustable in proportion to thelength of line to be justlfied, and means including an axiallymovablemember for oscillating said cam plates to permit movement of saidmounted means.

13. 'In a device of the character described, means to support a copyhaving non-justified lines thereon, means to support a light sensitivematerial, scanning means for incrementally producing justified replicasof copy, a plurality of cam scanning the respective individual lines andprojecting images of said lines upon said material to thereby affectsaid material accordingly, justifying means to produce relative shiftingof said respective supporting means, and adjustable means controllingthe operation of said justifying means to limit their operation to achosen portion of a scanning operation.

14. In a device of the character described, the combination of a copybearing a non-justified line or characters, means to support a lightsensitive material, means including an image forming optical system toautomatically project, progressively, images of said characters in theline onto' said sensitive material, and adjustable means to produce arelative movement, between said copy and material to modify the lengthof the line of character images received by said material, only duringactual scanning of characters in a nonjustifled line.

15. In a device of the character described, means to support a copyhaving non-justified lines of printed characters, means to support alight sensitive material, scanning means for continuously scanning theseparate individual lines and projecting images of the characters insaid lines upon said material and thereby affecting said materialaccordingly, means automatically determining the degree of justiiicationrequired, and adjustable means, preset in accordance with a desiredlength of line to be justified and controlled by said automatic means,to produce a relative shifting of said respective support means onlywhen an image of a character is actually being projected.

16. In a device of the character described, means to support a copyhaving non-justified lines thereon, means to support a light sensitivematerial, scanning means for continuously scanning the respectiveindividual lines and projecting images thereof upon said material andaflecting said light sensitive material accordingly, justifying meansfor producing a uniform relative shifting of said respective supportmeans, and adjustable means to limit said shifting to a portion only ofthe reproduction of said lines scanned.

17. In a device of the character described, means to support a copyhaving non-justifled lines of chosen average length, means to support alight sensitive material, scanning means for progressively scanning theindividual lines of the copy and projecting images of said lines uponsaid material, and means to cause relative shifting between saidrespective supporting means in a direction longitudinally of said lines,said shifting means being settable to determine the time of initiationof said relative shifting.

18. In a device of the character described, means to support a copyhaving non-justifled lines of chosen average length, means to support alight sensitive material, scanning means for progressively scanning theindividual lines of the copy and projecting images of said lines uponsaid material, and means to cause relative shifting between saidrespective supporting means in a direction longitudinally of said lines,said shifting means being settable to determine the amount and time ofinitiation of said relative shifting.

19. In a device of the character described, means to support a copyhaving non-justifled lines thereon, means designating a point on each ofsaid lines, means to support a light sensitive material, scanning meansfor progressively scanning said copy and designating means, saidscanning means projecting images of said lines upon said material andthereby affecting said light sensitive material in accordance with thecharacter of said copy scanned, means controlled by said scanning meansfor moving said sensitive material in accordance with the location ofsaid respective designation points, said controlled means beingadjustable to predetermine the time of initiation of said movement.

20. In a device of the character described. means to support a copyhaving non-justiiled lines of characters, means to support a lightsensitive material, scanning means for continuously scanning each linerespectively of said copy and projecting images of the characters uponsaid material, and means effective during scanning of each line toproduce a relative readjustment between the spacing of at least twocomponents of each line of copy and the spacing of at least twocomponents or the replica or said lines to thereb produce justificationof said copy. said last-named means being adjustable to predetermine thetime of initiation or said respective readjustment.

21. In a device of the character described, means to support a copyhaving a plurality of non-justifled lines thereon, means to support alight sensitive material, scanning means for scanning said linesindividually and projecting images of said lines upon said material toaffect said sensitive material accordingly and presenting the nextsucceeding line to determine the amount of justiflcation required forsaid next line, and adjustable means controlled by said scanning means,for producing a relative shifting of said support means, during apredetermined portion only of the scanning oi the next line, and inaccordance with said predetermined amount.

22. In a device of the character described. means to support a copyhaving non-justified lines thereon, means to support a light sensitivematerial, means to support scanning means, means for producing movementor said last support means for incrementally scanning the respectiveindividual lines and projecting images of said lines upon said materialto thereby affect said light sensitive means accordingly, and justityingmeans to produce an eiiective change in the relative movement of saidlast support means and one of said other support means, said justifyingmeans being adjustable to limit the duration of said eifective change toa portion only of the period of movement of said last support means.

23. In a device of the character described, a copy bearing non-justifledlines, means to support a light sensitive material, an image formingoptical system, means to automatically impart scanning-strokes oiinvariable extent to the optical system to cause said optical system toproject images of successive lines of copy onto the sensitive material,and means automatically controilable according to the length oi thescanned line of copy to automatically produce relative movement betweensaid copy and material of variable extents in accordance with the amountof justiflcation required, said last-named means being adjustable tolimit said movement to a portion only of said stroke or invariableextent.

24. In a device or the character described, a copy having non-justifiedlines of characters thereon, means to support a light sensitivematerial, an image forming optical system, means to move the opticalsystem transversely of a copy to

